Studies on nutrients generally use large doses and these studies, some of which are cited below, are the basis for much of the information we provide you in this publication about whole food ingredients. See the supplement facts for Enzycore.
B Pan, D Li, X Piao, L Zhang, L Guo. 2002. Effect of dietary supplementation with alpha-galactosidase preparation and stachyose on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal bacterial populations of piglets. Arch Tierernahr. 56(5):327-337.
B Wesley-Hadzija, H Pigon. 1972. Effect of diet in West Africa on human salivary amylase activity. Arch Oral Biol. 17(10):1415-1420.
Complementary Medicines. Bromelain. 2009; University of Maryland Medical Center. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Index (CAM). Accessed May 2015 from http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/bromelain.
Complementary Medicines. Glutamine. 2009; University of Maryland Medical Center. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Index (CAM). Accessed January 2010 from http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/glutamine-000307.htm.
CR Engwerda, D Andrews, A Ladhams, TL Mynott. 2001. Bromelain modulates T cell and B cell immune responses in vitro and in vivo. Cell Immunol. 210(1):66-75.
CR Engwerda, D Andrews, M Murphy, TL Mynott. 2001. Bromelain activates murine macrophages and natural killer cells in vitro. Cell Immunol. 210(1):5-10.
Davidson A. The Oxford Companion to Food. New York: Oxford University Press; 2006.
Evans C. 2005. Malnutrition in the Elderly: A Multifactorial Failure to Thrive. The Permanente Journal. 9(3):38-41.
Food and Drug Administration. Carbohydrase enzymes derived from A. niger (CFR 173.120). Accessed May 2015 from http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfCFR/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=173.120.
Food and Drug Administration. Carbohydrase enzymes derived from R. oryzae (CFR 173.130). Accessed May 2015 from http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfCFR/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=173.130.
GH Perry, NJ Dominy, KG Claw, et al. 2007. Diet and the evolution of human amylase gene copy number variation. Nat Genet. 39(10):1256-1260.
J.V. Castell, G. Friedrich, C.S. Kuhn, Poppe GE. 1997. Intestinal absorption of undegraded proteins in men: presence of bromelain in plasma after oral intake. Am J Physiol. 273:G139-146.
Linus Pauling Institute. Choline. 2009; Oregon State University. Linus Pauling Institute: Micronutrient Research for Optimum Health. Accessed January 2010 from http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/choline/.
M. Di Stefano, E. Miceli, S. Gotti. 2007. The effect of oral alpha-galactosidase on intestinal gas production and gas-related symptoms. Dig Dis Sci. 52(1):78-83.
M Mussell, K Kroenke, RL Spitzer, JB Williams, W Herzog, B Lowe. 2008. J Psychosom Res. 64(6):605-612.
N Garg, B Wansink, Inman J. 2007. The influence of incidental effect on consumers’ food intake. J Mark. 71:194-206.
NS Scrimshaw, Murray E. 1988. The acceptability of milk and milk products in populations with a high prevalence of lactose intolerance. Am J Clin Nutr. 48(4 Suppl):1079.
P Detopoulou, DB Panagiotakos, S Antonopoulou, C Pitsavos, C Stefanadis. 2008. Dietary choline and betaine intakes in relation to concentrations of inflammatory markers in healthy adults: the ATTICA study. Am J Clin Nutr. 87(2):424-430
Pocock G, Richards CD. 2006. Human Physiology, the basis of medicine: Oxford University Press.
Roxas M. 2008. Altern Med Rev. 13(4):307-314.
SA Giduck, RM Threatte, Kare M. 1987. Cephalic Reflexes: their role in digestion and possible roles in absorption and metabolism. The Journal of Nutrition. 117:1191-1196.
TL Powley, Berthoud H. 1985. Diet and cephalic phase insulin responses. Am J Clin Nutr. 45:991-1002.
TW Buford, MB Cooke, LL Redd, GM Hudson, BD Shelmadine, DS Willoughby. 2009. Protease supplementation improves muscle function after eccentric exercise. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 41(10):1908-14.